Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Biography 

Source:- Google.com.pk

What is a cell?[edit]

The word cell comes from the Latin word "cella", meaning "small room", and it was first coined by a microscopist observing the structure of cork. The cell is the basic unit of all living things, and all organisms are composed of one or more cells. Cells are so basic and critical to the study of life, in fact, that they are often referred to as "the building blocks of life". Organisms - bacteria, amoebae and yeasts, for example - may consist of as few as one cell, while a typical human body contains about a trillion cells.

According to Cell Theory, first proposed by Schleiden and Schwann in 1839, all life consists of cells. The theory also states that all cells come from previously living cells, all vital functions (chemical reactions) of organisms are carried out inside of cells, and that cells contain necessary hereditary information to carry out necessary functions and replicate themselves. It is the basis of human life.

All cells contain:

Lipid bilayer boundary (plasma membrane)

Cytoplasm

DNA (hereditary information)

Ribosomes for protein synthesis

Eukaryotic cells also contain:

At least one nucleus

Mitochondria for cell respiration and energy

Cells may also contain:

Lysosomes

Peroxisomes

Vacuoles

Cell walls

Concepts[edit]

Plasma Membrane 

Phospholipid bilayer, which contains great amount of proteins, the most important functions are the following:

It selectively isolates the content of the cell of the external atmosphere.

It regulates the interchange of substances between the cytoplasm and the environment.

Communicates with other cells.

Model of the fluid mosaic 

Describes the structure of the plasma membrane, this model was developed in 1972 by cellular biologists J. Singer and L. Nicholson.

Phospholipid bilayer 

Is in the plasma membrane and produces the fluid part of membranes.

Proteins 

Long chains of amino acids.

Glucose proteins 

Proteins together with carbohydrates in the plasma membrane, mostly in the outer parts of the cell.

Functions of proteins 

Transport oxygen, they are components of hair and nails, and allow the cell interact with its environment.

Transport Proteins 

Regulate the movement of soluble water molecules, through the plasma membrane. Some transport proteins called channel proteins form pores or channels in the membrane so that water soluble molecules pass.

Carrying proteins 

Have union sites that can hold specific molecules.

Reception proteins 

They activate cellular responses when specific molecules join.

Proteins of recognition 

They work as identifiers and as place of union to the cellular surface.

Fluid 

It is any substance that can move or change of form.

Concentration 

Number of molecules in a determined unit of volume.

Gradient 

Physical difference between two regions of space, in such a way that the molecules tend to move in response to the gradients.

Diffusion 

Movement of the molecules in a fluid, from the regions of high concentration to those of low concentration.

Passive transport 

Movement of substances in a membrane that doesn’t need to use energy.

Simple diffusion 

Diffusion of water, gases or molecules across the membrane.

Facilitated diffusion 

Diffusion of molecules across the membranes with the participation of proteins.

Osmosis 

Diffusion of the water across a membrane with differential permeability.

Transport that needs energy 

Movement of substances across a membrane generally in opposition to a gradient of concentration with the requirement of energy.

Active transport 

Movement of small molecules using energy (ATP).

Endocytosis 

Movement of big particles towards the interior of the cell using energy. The cells enclose particles or liquids.

Pinocytosis 

(Literally cell drinking) Form in which the cell introduces liquids.

Phagocytosis 

Way of eating of the cells. It feeds in this case of big particles or entire microorganisms.

Pseudopods 

False feet (the amoeba).

Exocitosis 

Movement of materials out of the cell with the use of energy. It throws waste material.

Isotonic 

The cytoplasm fluid of the interior of the cells is the same that the outer.

Hypertonic solution 

The solutions that have a higher concentration of dissolved particles than the cellular cytoplasm and that therefore water of the cells goes out with osmosis.

Hypotonic 

The solutions with a concentration of dissolved particles lower than the cytoplasm of a cell and that therefore do that water enters the cell with osmosis.

Swelling 

Pressure of the water inside the vacuole.

Endoplasmic Reticulum 

It is the place of the synthesis of the cellular membrane.

Structure and function of the cell[edit]

Rudolf Virchow 

Zoologist, who proposed the postulates of the cellular theory, observes that the living cells could grow and be in two places at the same time, he proposed that all the cells come from other equal cells and proposed 3 postulates:

Every living organism is formed from one or more cells

The smallest organisms are unicellular and these in turn are the functional units of the multicellular organisms.

All the cells come from preexisting cells.

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Structure Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake