Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Biography 

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Cell Structure[edit]

Cell Organelles[edit]

Organelles are parts of cells. Each organelle has a specific function.

1. Nuclear membrane 2. Nuclear pore 3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (REM) 4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 5. Ribosome attached to REM 6. Macromolecules 7. Transport vesicles 8. Golgi apparatus 9. Cis face of Golgi apparatus 10. Trans face of Golgi apparatus 11. Cisternae of Golgi apparatus 12. Secretory vesicle 13. Cell membrane 14. Fused secretory vesicle releasing contents 15. Cell cytoplasm 16. Extracellular environment

Nucleus[edit]

Description:

Largest organelle

Surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which contains pores (holes)

Contains chromatin and the nucleolus

Function:

Store the genetic material

Controls the cell's activities

Pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

The nucleolus makes ribosomes (see below)

The parts of a cell nucleus

Mitochondria[edit]

Description:

Oval shaped

They have a double membrane - the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae

Inside is the matrix, containing enzymes

Function:

They are the site of aerobic respiration

Makes energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as a source of energy for the cell's activities

Cristae give a bigger surface area so more enzymes can fit in

The diagram shows a section of a eukaryotic cell's mitochondrion.

Endoplasmic Reticulum[edit]

Description:

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a system of membranes which enclose a fluid-filled space

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is similar, but covered in ribosomes

Function:

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesises and processes lipids

Rough endoplasmic reticulum folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes, transports proteins around the cell.

Golgi Apparatus[edit]

Description:

A group of fluid-filled, flattened sacs

Function:

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins

Once finished, it makes vesicles which transport the molecules to the edge of the cell for ejection

Makes lysosomes

Ribosome[edit]

Description:

Very small

Either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum

Function:

The site where protein synthesis takes place

Lysosome[edit]

Description:

Round

No clear internal structure

Function:

Contains digestive enzymes which can be used to digest invading cells or break down worn-out organelles (autolysis)

Microvilli[edit]

Description:

These are folds in the plasma membrane

Found in cells involved in absorption

Stereotypically found on the villi in the small intestine

Function:

Increase the surface area of the plasma membrane

Plasma Membrane[edit]

Found on the surface of animal cells, it's mainly made of lipids and proteins. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell; further explanation can be found later in this book.

Chloroplast[edit]

Description:

Found in plant cells only

Inner membrane is folded to form stacks of grana

Molecules of chlorophyll are on the grana

Function:

Chlorophyll captures photons of light used for photosynthesis

Chloroplast-new.jpg

Animal cell diagram

Plant cell diagram

Refer to the below table for the differences between plant and animal cells.

Table 1: Comparison of structures between animal and plant cells

Typical animal cell Typical plant cell

Organelles

Nucleus

Nucleolus (within nucleus)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Cytoskeleton

Golgi apparatus

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Vesicles

Lysosome

Centrosome/Centrioles

Many small vacuoles

Nucleus

Nucleolus (within nucleus)

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Vesicles

Chloroplast

One large vacuole

Additional structures

Plasma membrane

Cilia

Plasma membrane

Cell wall

Plasmodesmata

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes[edit]

Eukaryotic cells are complex, and include all animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, like bacteria.

The table below is a comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake

Animal Cell Mitochondria Animal Cell Model Diagram Project Parts Structure Labeled Coloring and Plant Cell Organelles Cake